{"id":11696,"date":"2022-09-16T23:17:38","date_gmt":"2022-09-16T23:17:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/?p=11696"},"modified":"2025-12-18T00:21:29","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T00:21:29","slug":"laser-stabilization-with-mokupro-at-xlim-research-institute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/case-studies\/laser-stabilization-with-mokupro-at-xlim-research-institute\/","title":{"rendered":"Laser stabilization with Moku at XLIM Research Institute","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/www.xlim.fr\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11697 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/xlimlogo.png\" alt=\"XLIM Research Institute Logo\" width=\"250\" height=\"124\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/xlimlogo.png 319w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/xlimlogo-300x149.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<p><em>Contributed by <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.fr\/citations?user=m29RhLIAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beno\u00eet Debord<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.fr\/citations?user=H6oN69UAAAAJ&amp;hl=fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fetah Benabid<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xlim.fr\/personnel\/billotte-thomas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Billotte<\/a>, Cl\u00e9ment Go\u00efcoech\u00e9a<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Summary<\/h2>\n<p>At the XLIM Research Institute, researchers in the Gas-Phase Photonic and Microwave Materials (GPPMM) group are working on experiments in the area of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF). <a href=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/blog\/laser-frequency-stabilization-laser-locking\/\">Laser stabilization<\/a> is essential to their experiments and here they present the stabilization done on the D<sub>2 <\/sub>transition of rubidium 85 vapor obtained by saturated absorption. Moku:Pro, with its 4 analog inputs and outputs and multiple accessible software-defined instruments, provides a versatile tool to enable this with just a single device.<\/p>\n<h2>Challenge<\/h2>\n<p>To observe rubidium sub-Doppler transparencies, an optical and electrical setup is composed of a commercial rubidium (Rb) cell acting as a saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) module which generates the absorption signal. A tunable laser around 780nm is split between an electro-optic modulator (EOM) and wavelength meter. In order to stabilize the laser, control the EOM and measure the Allan variance, several different instruments are required.<\/p>\n<h2><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11698 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture1-Xlim.png\" alt=\"Optical setup with Moku:Pro electrical connections and Multi-instrument Mode configuration with waveform generator, laser lock box and phasemeter\" width=\"1352\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture1-Xlim.png 1352w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture1-Xlim-300x263.png 300w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture1-Xlim-1024x898.png 1024w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture1-Xlim-768x674.png 768w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture1-Xlim-600x526.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1352px) 100vw, 1352px\" \/><\/h2>\n<p class=\"Text\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><i>Figure 1. Top: Optical setup with Moku:Pro electrical connections represented in cyan. Moku:Pro inputs are on the left, outputs on the right. Bottom: Moku:Pro Multi-Instrument Mode configuration with Waveform Generator, Laser Lock Box and Phasemeter. <\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Solution<\/h2>\n<p>Moku:Pro\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/multi-instrument-mode\/\">Multi-Instrument Mode<\/a> allows XLIM researchers to configure multiple instruments simultaneously, in this case acting as a <a href=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/products\/integrated-instruments\/waveform-generator\/\">waveform generator,<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/products\/integrated-instruments\/lock-in-amplifier\/\">lock-in amplifier<\/a>, a double PID controller and data acquisition for <a href=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/white-papers\/understanding-and-performing-allan-variance-measurements\/\">Allan variance<\/a>. This is implemented using the Waveform Generator, Laser Lock Box and Phasemeter instruments. The Waveform Generator modulates the probe laser beam\u2019s optical frequency through Moku:Pro\u2019s first output (named \u201cSort 1\u201d here due to French language setting) which is linked to the electro-optic modulator. This function generator is also linked to the second entry of the Laser Lock Box which assembles both lock-in amplifier and PID controller for signal mixing, demodulation and laser locking applications. The Laser Lock Box is also linked to the photodiode signal (SAS module) with sub-Doppler transparencies from the probe beam coming out of the Rb cell (Moku:Pro\u2019s first input, \u201cEnt 1\u201d). Both outputs channels of the Laser Lock Box (A and B) will be used for laser servo control (\u201cSort 2\u201d) and scanning (\u201cSort 3\u201d). Then, the Phasemeter instrument is used as an acquisition tool for photodiode DC signal monitoring of the locked laser and for measuring Allan variance, which is representative of the stabilization quality.<\/p>\n<p>The first module that is used is a waveform generator, shown in Figure 2, to modulate the probe laser beam at 500 kHz frequency. If needed, a second waveform generator can be used on Output B of the instrument (see Figure 1, bottom) with a possible in-phase signal related to Output A.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11699 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture2-XLIM.png\" alt=\"Waveform Generator instrument interface displaying the generated function on the top.\" width=\"1350\" height=\"1012\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture2-XLIM.png 1350w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture2-XLIM-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture2-XLIM-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture2-XLIM-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture2-XLIM-600x450.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1350px) 100vw, 1350px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"Text\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><i>Figure 2: Waveform Generator instrument interface displaying the generated function on the top. The bottom generator channel (purple) is not used here.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>The Laser Lock Box parameters are displayed in Figure 3. Both Outputs and Inputs A and B correspond to those shown in Figure 1. Input A corresponds to the photodiode signal with frequency-modulated Doppler transparencies and Input B corresponds to the modulation signal from the waveform generator.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11700 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture3-XLIM.png\" alt=\"Block diagram of the Laser Lock Box as well as integrated oscilloscope for signal monitoring\" width=\"1353\" height=\"1015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture3-XLIM.png 1353w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture3-XLIM-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture3-XLIM-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture3-XLIM-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture3-XLIM-600x450.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1353px) 100vw, 1353px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"Text\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><i>Figure 3: Block diagram of the Laser Lock Box as well as integrated oscilloscope for signal monitoring. Each electronic component can be set by tapping on the iPad screen. A tab (not shown) is available for scanning parameters, as well as an external oscillator.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Firstly, we show the unlocked laser DC signal in Figure 4 with its measured RMS of ~13 mV. In order to lock on sub-Doppler features, we set the laser scan at 35 Hz, 14 mV with Moku:Pro through Output B (\u201cSort B\u201d in Figure 3) of the Laser Lock Box which is routed to the Output 3 physical connector (\u201cSort 3\u201d in Figure 1). The offset of the scan is set directly on the diode controller. We set a phase-locked loop (PLL) on Input B and demodulate the signal with a low-pass Butterworth filter of order 2 whose cutoff frequency is set at 70 kHz. We obtain an error signal (red curve in Figure 3) that we use to lock our laser with the help of the \u201ctap-to-lock\u201d icon available on Moku:Pro (annotated in Figure 3). The lock is set by clicking on the red circle on the oscilloscope.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11701 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture4-XLIM.png\" alt=\"PID fast controller with default parameters and laser DC signal is shown in red, directly coming from the photodiode\" width=\"1355\" height=\"1017\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture4-XLIM.png 1355w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture4-XLIM-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture4-XLIM-1024x769.png 1024w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture4-XLIM-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture4-XLIM-600x450.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1355px) 100vw, 1355px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"Text\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><i>Figure 4:\u00a0PID fast controller with default parameters. The laser DC signal is shown in red, directly coming from the photodiode.<br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<p>The locked signal is then sent to the current control of the laser through the fast PID controller (Output A in Figure 3 and physical connector Sort 3 in Figure 1) and is optimized with the PID parameters shown in Figure 5.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11702 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture5-XLIM.png\" alt=\"PID fast controller with optimized parameters.\" width=\"1344\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture5-XLIM.png 1344w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture5-XLIM-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture5-XLIM-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture5-XLIM-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Picture5-XLIM-600x450.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1344px) 100vw, 1344px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"Text\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><i>Figure 5: PID fast controller with optimized parameters. The locked DC signal is represented in red, directly coming from the photodiode.<br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<p>We set different parameters such as the proportional gain, and the integrator (top part of Figure 5). A double integrator, a differentiator, and a saturation for integration and derivation can also be used if needed. Optimization of those parameters is achieved by decreasing the RMS of the DC signal that is measured on the bottom part of Figures 4 and 5. Indeed, proportional gain is increased until the signal starts to oscillate and then set just before. The same operation is done for the integrator, and then the differentiator frequency if needed. We repeat this cycle until achieving good performance in order to optimize the \u201cshort term\u201d lock. Once optimization is complete and the laser is locked, we\u2019re ready to characterize the laser stability by measuring its Allan deviation.<\/p>\n<p>To measure the Allan variance, we can simply use the Phasemeter instrument for direct observation of the Allan Variance of the stabilized laser. These measurements can be saved to the iPad, USB or cloud for analysis. However, the saved data correspond to the raw signal frequency, phase and amplitude, therefore the Allan Variance will need to be retrieved. This can also be done using Python code as explained in this application note, <a href=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/blog\/2019\/11\/12\/measuring-allan-deviation-a-guide-to-allan-deviation-with-mokulabs-phasemeter\/\">\u00a0A guide to Allan deviation with Moku:Lab\u2019s Phasemeter<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Result &amp; Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>With a user-friendly interface, Moku:Pro is a versatile tool allowing us to measure, analyze and use signals. <a href=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/products\/hardware-platforms\/mokupro\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9480 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/moku-pro-for-research.jpg\" alt=\"Learn more about the applications of Moku:Pro\" width=\"2100\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/moku-pro-for-research.jpg 2100w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/moku-pro-for-research-300x56.jpg 300w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/moku-pro-for-research-1024x190.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/moku-pro-for-research-768x143.jpg 768w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/moku-pro-for-research-1536x285.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/moku-pro-for-research-2048x380.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/moku-pro-for-research-600x111.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2100px) 100vw, 2100px\" \/><\/a>Combining Waveform Generator, Laser Lock Box and Phasemeter instruments together with the Multi-Instrument Mode enabled us to resolve here the sub-Doppler spectrum of rubidium vapor around 780 nm with no other device than Moku:Pro, and then lock the laser frequency on the D<sub>2<\/sub> Rb transition.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Questions?<\/h2>\n<h3><b>Get answers to FAQs in our Knowledge Base<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>If you have a question about a device feature or instrument function, check out our extensive\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.liquidinstruments.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Knowledge Base<\/a>\u00a0to find the answers you\u2019re looking for. You can also quickly see popular articles and refine your search by product or topic.<\/p>\n<h3><b>Join our User Forum to stay connected<\/b><\/h3>\n<p>Want to request a new feature? Have a support tip to share? From use case examples to new feature announcements and more, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/forum.liquidinstruments.com\/\" rel=\"noopener\">User Forum<\/a>\u00a0is your one-stop shop for product updates, as well as connection to Liquid Instruments and our global user community.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;] Contributed by Beno\u00eet Debord, Fetah Benabid, Thomas Billotte, Cl\u00e9ment Go\u00efcoech\u00e9a Summary At the XLIM Research Institute, researchers in the Gas-Phase Photonic and Microwave Materials (GPPMM) group are working on experiments in the area of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF). Laser stabilization is essential to their experiments and here they present the stabilization done [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":32,"featured_media":11712,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[113],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-case-studies","site-category-laser-lock-box","site-category-mokupro","site-category-multi-instrument-mode","site-category-pid-controller","site-category-waveform-generator"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rubidium Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy Laser Stabilization<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to simplify laser stabilization, control EOM, measure allan variance, and observe rubidium sub-Doppler transparencies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/case-studies\/laser-stabilization-with-mokupro-at-xlim-research-institute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Laser stabilization with Moku at XLIM Research Institute\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Learn how to simplify laser stabilization, control EOM, measure allan variance, and observe rubidium sub-Doppler transparencies.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/liquidinstruments.com\/case-studies\/laser-stabilization-with-mokupro-at-xlim-research-institute\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Liquid 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